Software Engineering

Security

You'll architect systems that never break and build teams that sleep soundly at night. This path creates CTOs who think like attackers but lead like defenders—paranoid enough to prevent disasters, calm enough to scale through them.

L1 – L9 · 9 tours Leads to: CTO → What's a Reference DRS?

The Career Arc

Rotational · L1–L3

Build the Security craft. Prove you can wield the tools of Software Engineering.

  • L1 : Learn security engineering through assessments and tooling
  • L2 : Conduct security reviews and manage vulnerabilities
  • L3 : Own security domains with strong threat modeling

Transformational · L4–L7

Deliver Security outcomes — each Software Engineering tour at this altitude has a defined mission and success criteria.

  • L4 : Lead security projects and mentor others
  • L5 : Drive security architecture across the org
  • L6 : Set security direction company-wide
  • L7 : Shape the company's security vision

Manage a Team?

Great Security managers are practitioners first. The Software Engineering IC responsibilities in L4–L7 are your foundation — your management responsibilities are additive:

  • Run 1:1s for growth, not status—development conversations, not standups
  • Hire engineers who raise the bar—own the interview process end-to-end
  • Give direct feedback with care—it's how people actually improve
  • Remove blockers—shield the team from chaos so they can ship
  • Watch for burnout and team health—intervene before it's a crisis

Foundational · L8–L9

Shape the Software Engineering organization from the Security chair — build institutions, not just products.

  • L8 : Build and lead security engineering teams
  • L9 : Own security strategy and execution
→ C-Suite: L10 is the CTO path — a distinct page, not duplicated here.

L1 — Associate Security Engineer Rotational

Mission

Learn security engineering through assessments and tooling

This tour of duty

Complete your first security assessment

Own the outcomes

  • Learn security engineering fundamentals including threats, controls, and tools
  • Build simple security automation and tooling with guidance
  • Write security tests and vulnerability scanning scripts
  • Document security findings and remediation steps
  • Support security incident triage and investigation
  • Participate in security reviews to learn threat modeling

Security at L1 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
2
IT Operations
2
Information Security
1

AI in this role

  • Analyzing code for vulnerabilities
  • Generating security test cases
  • Drafting security documentation

L2 — Junior Security Engineer Rotational

Mission

Conduct security reviews and manage vulnerabilities

This tour of duty

Own security for a service or system

Own the outcomes

  • Implement security controls and automation independently
  • Conduct security assessments for applications and systems
  • Write comprehensive security tests and detection rules
  • Design simple security features following secure patterns
  • Contribute to vulnerability management and tracking
  • Support incident response with technical investigation

Security at L2 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
2
Information Security
2
IT Operations
1
Quality Engineering
1
Legal & Compliance
1

AI in this role

  • Building security dashboards
  • Analyzing threat patterns
  • Creating security runbooks

L3 — Senior Security Engineer Rotational

Mission

Own security domains with strong threat modeling

This tour of duty

Lead a project that improves security posture

Own the outcomes

  • Own security domains end-to-end including tooling and assessments
  • Design security architectures for medium-complexity systems
  • Identify and remediate security vulnerabilities systematically
  • Lead threat modeling sessions for new features and systems
  • Mentor junior engineers on security best practices
  • Drive security improvements with measurable risk reduction

Security at L3 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
3
Information Security
2
IT Operations
1
Quality Engineering
1
Legal & Compliance
1

AI in this role

  • Modeling threat scenarios
  • Reviewing architectures for security
  • Generating security requirements

L4 — Staff Security Engineer / Manager, Engineering Transformational

Mission

Lead security projects and mentor others

This tour of duty

Design security architecture that protects critical systems

Own the outcomes

  • Lead security projects spanning multiple systems or domains
  • Design security architectures that protect against sophisticated threats
  • Mentor engineers on security thinking and secure development
  • Define security standards and secure coding guidelines for teams
  • Drive cross-team security improvements and tool adoption
  • Own security posture for critical systems and data

Security at L4 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
3
IT Operations
2
Information Security
2
Quality Engineering
1
Legal & Compliance
1

AI in this role

  • Designing secure systems
  • Analyzing attack patterns
  • Generating security specs

L5 — Senior Staff Security Engineer / Senior Manager, Engineering Transformational

Mission

Drive security architecture across the org

This tour of duty

Drive security practices that improve the org

Own the outcomes

  • Drive security architecture decisions that affect the organization
  • Design security platforms including detection and response systems
  • Define security engineering standards and best practices org-wide
  • Lead evaluation of security tools and technologies
  • Mentor senior engineers and shape security culture
  • Solve the hardest security challenges across the organization

Security at L5 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
4
Information Security
3
IT Operations
2
Quality Engineering
1
Legal & Compliance
1

AI in this role

  • Evaluating security technologies
  • Building security documentation
  • Creating roadmaps

L6 — Director, Security Engineering Transformational

Mission

Set security direction company-wide

This tour of duty

Define security standards that shape engineering culture

Own the outcomes

  • Set technical direction for security engineering across the company
  • Define security technology strategy and multi-year roadmap
  • Establish standards that ensure robust security posture
  • Drive technical alignment on security investments
  • Represent security engineering in executive discussions
  • Shape the vision for security engineering evolution

Security at L6 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
4
IT Operations
3
Information Security
3
Strategy
2
Quality Engineering
1
Legal & Compliance
1

AI in this role

  • Analyzing security patterns at scale
  • Generating standards
  • Building knowledge bases

L7 — Distinguished Engineer, Security Transformational

Mission

Shape the company's security vision

This tour of duty

Solve a security problem that enables new capabilities

Own the outcomes

  • Shape the company's security engineering vision and strategy
  • Solve industry-level security challenges that protect customers
  • Define principles that guide security engineering decisions
  • Influence industry security standards and best practices
  • Mentor directors and senior security leaders
  • Drive security innovation that creates trust advantage

Security at L7 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
2
Information Security
2
Strategy
2
IT Operations
1
Quality Engineering
1
Legal & Compliance
1

AI in this role

  • Modeling security evolution
  • Analyzing threat trends
  • Creating vision documents

L8 — VP of Engineering, Security Foundational

Mission

Build and lead security engineering teams

This tour of duty

Build a security team that protects the company

Own the outcomes

  • Build and lead security engineering teams that protect the company
  • Define organizational structure for security engineering
  • Establish hiring standards for security engineers
  • Create the operating model for security engineering excellence
  • Partner with executives on security investment priorities
  • Develop security engineering managers and technical leaders

Security at L8 — the competency bar

Software Engineering
2
IT Operations
2
Information Security
1
Strategy
1

AI in this role

  • Building security dashboards
  • Analyzing team patterns
  • Creating hiring frameworks

L9 — SVP of Engineering, Security Foundational

Mission

Own security strategy and execution

This tour of duty

Transform security practices across the org

Own the outcomes

  • Own security engineering strategy and execution organization-wide
  • Define multi-year roadmap for security platforms
  • Build culture that attracts top security engineering talent
  • Partner with executives on security-driven business strategy
  • Establish security as competitive differentiator and trust foundation
  • Shape the future of security engineering at the company

Security at L9 — the competency bar

IT Operations
2
Software Engineering
1
Information Security
1
Strategy
1

AI in this role

  • Modeling security scenarios
  • Building strategy documents
  • Designing knowledge infrastructure

What Hiring Managers Look For

L1-L3: You've shipped code that handles authentication, encryption, or vulnerability remediation under senior guidance.

L4-L6: You've architected zero-trust systems, led incident response for breaches, or built security tooling that other teams actually use.

L7+: You've defined enterprise security strategy that survived board scrutiny and regulatory audits while enabling business growth.

Common Career Transitions

Security → Platform Engineering at L5-L6 for infrastructure-wide impact

Security → Product Engineering at L4-L5 leveraging threat modeling skills

Security → DevOps/SRE at L4-L6 through compliance and infrastructure hardening experience

Official Classifications

System Code Official Title
O*NET-SOC (US) 15-1299.05 Information Security Engineers
ISCO-08 (UN/ILO) 2529 Database and Network Professionals Not Elsewhere Classified
ESCO (EU) ICT security administrator
SSOC 2024 (Singapore) 25245 Cybersecurity architect
NCO-2015 (India) 2529.0100 ICT Security Specialist

At L6 and above, the manager classification 1330 — Information and Communications Technology Services Managers applies IN ADDITION to the professional code — a manager is a superset of the individual contributor, never a replacement.

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